Part I
1. Women in the North had major differences with women in the South. Wealthy white women in the South had invested most of their finances in buying slaves. Their wealth was depending on slaves. Slaves worked in field, in houses, and in other place they were told to. White women, just like white men, were very much conscious that by freeing slaves they would lose most of what they had. In the North, on the other hand, things were very much different. Slaves were already free and ready to fight for other slaves’ freedom. During and after Civil war many women supported the ideas of their men. They fought for and against slavery with each other.
2. The emergence of the new South had a great impact on women. To start, many freed slaves began to look for their brothers, sisters, and spouses who were sold years ago. Some women found their long lost partners, who already had a new family. Many others ended up working for white employers. Nevertheless, black men didn’t want their women to work in the fields anymore. Black women started to perform housework. Most importantly, they had the opportunity to receive education in number of schools that opened during the times of Reconstruction. On the other hand, elite white women, who had spent most of their fortune in buying slaves, lost much of their financial power. Lower class white women, however, didn’t seem much affected by the emancipation of the slaves. They worked in textile factories, where black women weren’t allowed to work.
Part II
1. The underlying tension and larger conflicts that led to the lynching of Thomas Moss was racial. When black slaves were freed, they still worked for white employers. However, many ex-slaves were getting their own lands. Additionally, they were becoming more and more independent from white men by forming their communities. White men, on the other hand, were beginning to feel somewhat threatened or intimidated by these ex-slaves, whom, not long ago, they had treated like animals. And so some white men had to do something to create a negative image of these black men. Thomas Moss was one of the victims whose name was intentionally involved in a crime, he had never committed. Therefore, he was unjustly punished.
2. Wells was determined to find out the truth behind every single lynching that was going to be published. When it was announced in the new paper that a black men was lynched because he had raped a seven-year-old women, Wells decide to go and see the little girl. Instead she found a young woman. This young lady was emotionally involved with the black man. However, to protect her image in the community, her father, the sheriff, had invented the story of her being raped. By investigating many similar stories, Wells concluded that some white people hadn’t assimilated the idea of blacks being free. Consequently, they tried to kill them by promoting lies.
3. Looking back through the history, Wells realized that the justice system was unfair. When black women were slaves, they were treated as objects. White men sexually abused their female slaves. Additionally, many of these slaves became pregnant. Most masters didn’t take responsibly in taking care of their mulatto children. Instead, they sold them as slaves. While some wealthy white men did free their mulatto children and bought lands for them, that wasn’t always the case. And yet these men were never punished. Their actions were never considered wrong or bad. On the other hand, Wells saw how black men were being charged for rape and murder, when they were innocent.
Sunday, March 30, 2008
Sunday, March 16, 2008
Blog #5
Blog #5
Part I
1. The lives of white women varied from place to place. In the South white women who were from wealthy families, never performed heavy labor. They had slaves who worked for them. The elite white women managed their slaves. Additionally, as wives of masters, they punished slaves who misbehaved. On the other hand, in the North women from poor families had to perform hard works. Women from families who weren’t slave owners became nurses for black women. Some others also worked in the fields to help their families. Black women, however, had to work in fields because they were ordered so. They worked as hard as black men did. These women were mistreated and beaten. Nevertheless, the hardest thing for black women was to bring a child into the world, for the child was going to be another slave.
2. Harriet Jacob’s story is significant because it confirms once more that there was no law or authority in the 1800s that protected women, specially slaves. Harriet was a black girl. She was a slave. Therefore she was her masters property. She had lost the her childhood innocence when she was twelve years old. Her master constantly abused her in every possible way. While Harriet Jacob had to work for her master, she also had to satisfy his sexual needs. Many black women lived under the same circumstances. Not only they were sexually abused by their masters but these women were also mistreated by their masters’ wives, who acted out of jealousy.
Part II
1. Slaves were properties of their owners, masters. The masters didn’t think that slave marriages could be beneficial for their wealth. Additionally, they didn’t think that black people could have same kind of emotions as they did. The owners didn’t allow slave marriages. However, the characters in the two accounts proved it otherwise. They proved that their relationships were full of emotions. More importantly, they proved that they could do anything for love. Their loyalty for one another had made them stronger. Above all the difficulties, two people who loved each other were ready to risk their lives. While the woman, who had to dress like a man to be able to travel with a slave, was risking her live, her lover, her slave, would also be in danger if caught.
2. These writings were first recorded on paper after years of the actual events. William Craft’s explanation is detail oriented. Not only he talk about the happening but also about his thought at the moment. I think he remembered all the details because William wanted to learn to write so that he could write his own story. All those years he probably played the events in his head to keep his memory fresh. On the other hand, Polly Shine’s story was more general. However, even though she was very old when her story was finally recorded, she remembered some important events. Finally, I think people react differently even when in the same situation. While the story is still the same, the individual experience may vary form person to person. Therefore, every individual’s memory is personalized.
Part I
1. The lives of white women varied from place to place. In the South white women who were from wealthy families, never performed heavy labor. They had slaves who worked for them. The elite white women managed their slaves. Additionally, as wives of masters, they punished slaves who misbehaved. On the other hand, in the North women from poor families had to perform hard works. Women from families who weren’t slave owners became nurses for black women. Some others also worked in the fields to help their families. Black women, however, had to work in fields because they were ordered so. They worked as hard as black men did. These women were mistreated and beaten. Nevertheless, the hardest thing for black women was to bring a child into the world, for the child was going to be another slave.
2. Harriet Jacob’s story is significant because it confirms once more that there was no law or authority in the 1800s that protected women, specially slaves. Harriet was a black girl. She was a slave. Therefore she was her masters property. She had lost the her childhood innocence when she was twelve years old. Her master constantly abused her in every possible way. While Harriet Jacob had to work for her master, she also had to satisfy his sexual needs. Many black women lived under the same circumstances. Not only they were sexually abused by their masters but these women were also mistreated by their masters’ wives, who acted out of jealousy.
Part II
1. Slaves were properties of their owners, masters. The masters didn’t think that slave marriages could be beneficial for their wealth. Additionally, they didn’t think that black people could have same kind of emotions as they did. The owners didn’t allow slave marriages. However, the characters in the two accounts proved it otherwise. They proved that their relationships were full of emotions. More importantly, they proved that they could do anything for love. Their loyalty for one another had made them stronger. Above all the difficulties, two people who loved each other were ready to risk their lives. While the woman, who had to dress like a man to be able to travel with a slave, was risking her live, her lover, her slave, would also be in danger if caught.
2. These writings were first recorded on paper after years of the actual events. William Craft’s explanation is detail oriented. Not only he talk about the happening but also about his thought at the moment. I think he remembered all the details because William wanted to learn to write so that he could write his own story. All those years he probably played the events in his head to keep his memory fresh. On the other hand, Polly Shine’s story was more general. However, even though she was very old when her story was finally recorded, she remembered some important events. Finally, I think people react differently even when in the same situation. While the story is still the same, the individual experience may vary form person to person. Therefore, every individual’s memory is personalized.
Monday, March 10, 2008
Blog #4
Section A
1. The concept of True Womanhood was about the differences between men and women. It suggested that men were intellectually capable of making political decisions and leading businesses. Additionally, because men were physically stronger than women, they could perform heavy labors. On the other hand, according to True Womanhood women didn’t have to get involved in anything outside of their households. They were to obey and assist their husbands. Moreover, women were only to manage their homes. This idea was very much suitable for women of middle and high class society, the wealthy. Even though they preached this concept, in poor families women had to worked outside of their homes.
2. The Lowell mill girls were women who started working in factories. In the beginning of the industrialization era the factory owners needed women to come out of their homes and work for them. This movement was allowed because it benefited the capitalist men. Cheaper labor was going to result in more capital gained. Beside the individual gain the country would also have stronger and more stable economy. This movement indirectly benefited women as well. While the salaries were low, many women were able to financially help their husbands. Single women finally had a chance to become their own providers. The changes in women’s lives were beginning to gradually take place.
Section B
1. Sanger doesn’t believe that women who exercise prostitution are morally corrupt. He thinks that while both men and women must have virtues, the society only judges women for engaging in sexually immoral actions. More importantly, Sanger believes that a man who acquires the services of a prostitute, he is accountable for such action. The woman is only a victim. Additionally, he insists that women do have sexual needs and desires. However, these needs are awaked by an outside source, men. Because his job is related to prostitution (prostitutes are brought to him when caught), he decides to question them. By survey many prostitutes he concludes that many women, who have high moral values, sell their bodies for several reasons.
2. Sanger actually thinks that social, economic, and at time family factors influence some women to become prostitutes. First, Sanger thinks that women are victims of the social structure. Sanger points out that women who are seduced and later engaged into sexual activities are called immoral. Whereas, men, who also take part in such actions, are not such severely judged in the society. Additionally, some women have addictions to substances, such as alcohol. While their addictions may be the results of other traumatic event, such as abuse, these women are now prostitutes to maintain the habit. Finally, many women have financial difficulties in providing for themselves and for their children as well. Therefore, they sell their bodies.
3. Sanger’s conclusions are reflected in the many ways he justifies women’s actions. While he is trying to inform the society about the reasons of prostitution, Sanger fixed his position as women’s defender. His reasons for women to exercise prostitution are traced back to the social structure of his time. The society that is condemning these prostitutes is the ruling class, the wealthy. What Sanger is trying to do is to hold this very society accountable for women’s hardships, most importantly for prostitution. While his work is appreciated and remembered, I don’t think the society then understood the idea of prostitution and its whys; it certainly doesn’t now. Even if the society understands prostitution, it doesn’t want to be responsible for such conflict. Sanger’s hopes are still to be hopes.
1. The concept of True Womanhood was about the differences between men and women. It suggested that men were intellectually capable of making political decisions and leading businesses. Additionally, because men were physically stronger than women, they could perform heavy labors. On the other hand, according to True Womanhood women didn’t have to get involved in anything outside of their households. They were to obey and assist their husbands. Moreover, women were only to manage their homes. This idea was very much suitable for women of middle and high class society, the wealthy. Even though they preached this concept, in poor families women had to worked outside of their homes.
2. The Lowell mill girls were women who started working in factories. In the beginning of the industrialization era the factory owners needed women to come out of their homes and work for them. This movement was allowed because it benefited the capitalist men. Cheaper labor was going to result in more capital gained. Beside the individual gain the country would also have stronger and more stable economy. This movement indirectly benefited women as well. While the salaries were low, many women were able to financially help their husbands. Single women finally had a chance to become their own providers. The changes in women’s lives were beginning to gradually take place.
Section B
1. Sanger doesn’t believe that women who exercise prostitution are morally corrupt. He thinks that while both men and women must have virtues, the society only judges women for engaging in sexually immoral actions. More importantly, Sanger believes that a man who acquires the services of a prostitute, he is accountable for such action. The woman is only a victim. Additionally, he insists that women do have sexual needs and desires. However, these needs are awaked by an outside source, men. Because his job is related to prostitution (prostitutes are brought to him when caught), he decides to question them. By survey many prostitutes he concludes that many women, who have high moral values, sell their bodies for several reasons.
2. Sanger actually thinks that social, economic, and at time family factors influence some women to become prostitutes. First, Sanger thinks that women are victims of the social structure. Sanger points out that women who are seduced and later engaged into sexual activities are called immoral. Whereas, men, who also take part in such actions, are not such severely judged in the society. Additionally, some women have addictions to substances, such as alcohol. While their addictions may be the results of other traumatic event, such as abuse, these women are now prostitutes to maintain the habit. Finally, many women have financial difficulties in providing for themselves and for their children as well. Therefore, they sell their bodies.
3. Sanger’s conclusions are reflected in the many ways he justifies women’s actions. While he is trying to inform the society about the reasons of prostitution, Sanger fixed his position as women’s defender. His reasons for women to exercise prostitution are traced back to the social structure of his time. The society that is condemning these prostitutes is the ruling class, the wealthy. What Sanger is trying to do is to hold this very society accountable for women’s hardships, most importantly for prostitution. While his work is appreciated and remembered, I don’t think the society then understood the idea of prostitution and its whys; it certainly doesn’t now. Even if the society understands prostitution, it doesn’t want to be responsible for such conflict. Sanger’s hopes are still to be hopes.
Sunday, March 2, 2008
Blog #3
Marianna
1. During the troubled times of the American Revolution, women had the opportunity to participate in the changing era. Sarha Osborn and other women settled not far from the frontline to help the solders. While the idea of women being away from home and in such environment was a significant change, their duties, however, remained the same. These women assisted soldiers in cooking, washing clothes, and other domestic-like duties. Some historians insist that women’s role in the society was altered due to the arrival of a new religion. Others believe that the change was influenced by the struggle. In both ways, however, women neither could establish their own identity in the society, nor they were able to break away from their traditional duties.
2. The study of women’s history unveiled the important, yet at times ignored, role they played throughout the history. First, to break away from the British, colonists stopped the consumption of imported products. Women actively promoted the replacement of coffee and tea with other beverages and started the production of fabrics. Next, when at war, some female slaves helped the British who promise them freedom. Colonists women became loyalists or patriots while endangering their lives. Native American women managed their communities and participated in the council’s decisions. These political actions marked a definite change of women’s role in the society. However, while many female slaves were freed and Native women’s duties changed due to adaptation, the revolution didn’t have the same affect on colonist women. As colonist men gained broader political rights, women were turned to their domestic duties.
3. The revolution created a new nation. To begin, the woman still maintained her role in the household. Nevertheless, when the man was absent, the woman also added some of his duties to hers. During the war some women managed farms and business, made political decisions, and served their communities. Additionally, the arrival of new ideas, such as religion and philosophy, gave women new perspectives of life. Most of the time their political and economic contributions were ignored. However, women didn’t act in pursuit of acknowledgement but in pursuit of common goal. They helped men in any and every way their socially, economically and individually limited positions permitted. In times of common struggle the nature of human kind proved to unite both male and female.
4. Rush and Murray both agreed in women getting education. To start, Rush believes that women play a greater role in the prosperity of America. Because their husbands have several duties to attend, he argues that women need to get education to be able to help and protect the husbands’ wealth. Next, Rush insists that women should get a some level of education to be able to raise a male child according to the standards of the new government . Most importantly, he points out that women’s education will make the marriage better, for the husband will have someone who will understand and appreciate his success. On the other hand, Murray gives examples of women who successfully achieved an economic independence. She insists, that a woman can be emotionally sensitive and intellectually accomplished at the same time. The revolution expanded the possibilities for female education. However, its idea still remained the same, for women’s level of education was only to assist men.
5. Both Rush and Murray point out that educating women is beneficial for the society. Their ideas, in some ways, coincide with the Republican Motherhood. After the war, the industrial era was gradually emerging. Additionally, the government needed to establish and stabilize the economy of a new nation. Women’s contribution in creating an independent government, while it was overall ignored, was indisputable. Therefore, new schools were established offering women not only to refine their female duties but also to obtain some basic knowledge of different subjects, such as philosophy, languages, history, and geography. While further benefits of educating women were yet to be discovered, at the time they would only be able to better assist their husbands and provide the next generation with higher values.
1. During the troubled times of the American Revolution, women had the opportunity to participate in the changing era. Sarha Osborn and other women settled not far from the frontline to help the solders. While the idea of women being away from home and in such environment was a significant change, their duties, however, remained the same. These women assisted soldiers in cooking, washing clothes, and other domestic-like duties. Some historians insist that women’s role in the society was altered due to the arrival of a new religion. Others believe that the change was influenced by the struggle. In both ways, however, women neither could establish their own identity in the society, nor they were able to break away from their traditional duties.
2. The study of women’s history unveiled the important, yet at times ignored, role they played throughout the history. First, to break away from the British, colonists stopped the consumption of imported products. Women actively promoted the replacement of coffee and tea with other beverages and started the production of fabrics. Next, when at war, some female slaves helped the British who promise them freedom. Colonists women became loyalists or patriots while endangering their lives. Native American women managed their communities and participated in the council’s decisions. These political actions marked a definite change of women’s role in the society. However, while many female slaves were freed and Native women’s duties changed due to adaptation, the revolution didn’t have the same affect on colonist women. As colonist men gained broader political rights, women were turned to their domestic duties.
3. The revolution created a new nation. To begin, the woman still maintained her role in the household. Nevertheless, when the man was absent, the woman also added some of his duties to hers. During the war some women managed farms and business, made political decisions, and served their communities. Additionally, the arrival of new ideas, such as religion and philosophy, gave women new perspectives of life. Most of the time their political and economic contributions were ignored. However, women didn’t act in pursuit of acknowledgement but in pursuit of common goal. They helped men in any and every way their socially, economically and individually limited positions permitted. In times of common struggle the nature of human kind proved to unite both male and female.
4. Rush and Murray both agreed in women getting education. To start, Rush believes that women play a greater role in the prosperity of America. Because their husbands have several duties to attend, he argues that women need to get education to be able to help and protect the husbands’ wealth. Next, Rush insists that women should get a some level of education to be able to raise a male child according to the standards of the new government . Most importantly, he points out that women’s education will make the marriage better, for the husband will have someone who will understand and appreciate his success. On the other hand, Murray gives examples of women who successfully achieved an economic independence. She insists, that a woman can be emotionally sensitive and intellectually accomplished at the same time. The revolution expanded the possibilities for female education. However, its idea still remained the same, for women’s level of education was only to assist men.
5. Both Rush and Murray point out that educating women is beneficial for the society. Their ideas, in some ways, coincide with the Republican Motherhood. After the war, the industrial era was gradually emerging. Additionally, the government needed to establish and stabilize the economy of a new nation. Women’s contribution in creating an independent government, while it was overall ignored, was indisputable. Therefore, new schools were established offering women not only to refine their female duties but also to obtain some basic knowledge of different subjects, such as philosophy, languages, history, and geography. While further benefits of educating women were yet to be discovered, at the time they would only be able to better assist their husbands and provide the next generation with higher values.
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